extracapsular cataract extraction cpt code

extracapsular cataract extraction cpt code2020/09/28

Any questions pertaining to the license or use of the CPT should be addressed to the AMA. As used herein, "you" and "your" refer to you and any organization on behalf of which you are acting. Applicable FARS\DFARS Restrictions Apply to Government Use. The following codes had descriptor changes in Group I coding: 66982 and 66984. Organizations who contract with CMS acknowledge that they may have a commercial CDT license with the ADA, and that use of CDT codes as permitted herein for the administration of CMS programs does not extend to any other programs or services the organization may administer and royalties dues for the use of the CDT codes are governed by their commercial license. Review the operative report to determine which of the following codes is most appropriate: 66850 Removal of lens material; phacofragmentation technique (mechanical or ultrasonic) (eg, phacoemulsification), with aspiration CPT/HCPCS code sectionand ICD-10-CM Diagnosis code section paragraph was added to Group 2 to provide clarification regarding the additionaldiagnosis codes that should be reported, as applicable,when billing for complex, cataract surgeries (CPT codes 66982, 66987). accuracy of any information contained in this material, nor was the AHA or any of its affiliates, involved in the A degree of lens opacity that correlates with the impairment of best-corrected visual acuity when cataract is the primary cause of visual compromise. Use of CDT is limited to use in programs administered by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Outcome of Phacoemulsification and Extracapsular Cataract Extraction: A Study in a District Hospital in Malaysia. Instructions for enabling "JavaScript" can be found here. Sign up to get the latest information about your choice of CMS topics in your inbox. In most instances Revenue Codes are purely advisory. The following coding and billing guidance is to be used with its associated Local coverage determination. GOVERNMENT AND ITS EMPLOYEES ARE NOT LIABLE FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR OTHER INACCURACIES IN THE INFORMATION, PRODUCT, OR PROCESSES Self-Administered Drug (SAD) Exclusion List articles list the CPT/HCPCS codes that are excluded from coverage under this category. resale and/or to be used in any product or publication; creating any modified or derivative work of the UB‐04 Manual and/or codes and descriptions; A Category III code uses a 5-character alphanumeric code ending with T, such as 0671T. This article was converted to the new Billing and Coding Article type. The first is 66987, which is defined as extracapsular cataract removal with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesis (a 1-stage procedure), manual or mechanical technique (eg, irrigation and aspiration or phacoemulsification), complex, requiring devices or techniques not generally used in routine cataract surgery (eg, iris expansion device, Complete absence of all Revenue Codes indicates A federal government website managed and paid for by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The operative note indicates dye was used to stain the anterior capsule. A cost comparison with extracapsular cataract extraction. Bill types and Revenue codes have been removed from this article. The extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) surgical procedure is used primarily for advanced cataracts where the lens is too dense to dissolve into fragments. Current Dental Terminology © 2022 American Dental Association. The AMA disclaims responsibility for any consequences or liability attributable to or related to any use, non-use, or interpretation of information contained or not contained in this file/product. The CMS.gov Web site currently does not fully support browsers with Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. It deals with the issues in the eyes like cataract and glaucoma. "JavaScript" disabled. required field. article does not apply to that Bill Type. The operative note indicates an artificial prosthetic iris was placed in the eye. CMS and its products and services are A CPT code 66982 is described as "Extracapsular cataract removal with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesis (one stage procedure), manual or mechanical technique (e.g., irrigation and aspiration or phacoemulsification), complex, requiring devices or techniques not generally used in routine cataract surgery (e.g., iris expansion device, suture Article document IDs begin with the letter "A" (e.g., A12345). Certain examination components may be appropriately excluded based on the specific condition and/or urgency of surgical intervention. . The first procedure is phacoemulsification (phaco), a method in which the lens is broken into small pieces which are removed by suction, and the second involves two types of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), in which the lens is removed from its capsule and removed in one piece or a small number of relatively . Please do not use this feature to contact CMS. CMS believes that the Internet is Making copies or utilizing the content of the UB‐04 Manual, including the codes and/or descriptions, for internal purposes, The National Average Medicare reimbursement to ASCs for any cataract surgery is $1062 (CPT code: 66984). Some of the codes may apply to rare procedures, but are provided here for reference. damages arising out of the use of such information, product, or process. 66989 Extracapsular cataract removal with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesis (1-stage procedure), manual or mechanical technique (e.g., irrigation and aspiration or phacoemulsification), complex, requiring devices or techniques not generally used in routine cataract surgery (e.g., iris expansion device, suture support for intraocular lens, Avr 17 2023 robin peterson brother . 7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21244. Code History 2016 (effective 10/1/2015) : New code (first year of non-draft ICD-10-PCS) The American Hospital Association (the "AHA") has not reviewed, and is not responsible for, the completeness or CPT codes for cataract extractions With implant: Disorders of the lens (H25-H28) ASCs determine which CPT and ICD-10 codes are most appropriate to report on the claim the operative report. You can use your browser's Print function (Ctrl-P on a PC or Command-P on a Mac) to view a print preview and then select PDF as the output. The American Hospital Association (the "AHA") has not reviewed, and is not responsible for, the completeness or and/or making any commercial use of UB‐04 Manual or any portion thereof, including the codes and/or descriptions, is only Due to the annual CPT code update, effective for services rendered on or after January 1, 2010, CPT code 66988 was added to the CPT/HCPCS section- Group 1. If an entity wishes to utilize any AHA materials, please contact the AHA at 312‐893‐6816. (Note: The MIGS and ECP procedures are not stand-alone in this case, which means that it would be inappropriate to submit 0671T or 66711 in combination with one of the cataract codes.). presented in the material do not necessarily represent the views of the AHA. Use is limited to use in Medicare, Medicaid or other programs administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). For ICD-10 codes H26.31, H26.32, H26.33, H26.8, coding guidelines require that the causative agent be identified on the claim. Articles often contain coding or other guidelines that are related to a Local Coverage Determination (LCD). A CPT code 66982 is described as "Extracapsular cataract removal with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesis (one stage procedure), manual or mechanical technique (e.g., irrigation and aspiration or phacoemulsification), complex, requiring devices or techniques not generally used in routine cataract surgery (e.g.. The views and/or positions Note: +0376 is an add-on code and cannot be used independently. There are multiple ways to create a PDF of a document that you are currently viewing. Review the character descriptions and coding guidelines for proper 2010. . Billing and Coding articles provide guidance for the related Local Coverage Determination (LCD) and assist providers in submitting correct claims for payment. If you do not agree with all terms and conditions set forth herein, click below on the button labeled "I do not accept" and exit from this computer screen. A statement that the patient desires surgical correction, that the risks, benefits, and alternatives have been explained, and that a reasonable expectation exists that lens surgery will significantly improve both the visual and functional status of the patient. Article document IDs begin with the letter "A" (e.g., A12345). The AMA does not directly or indirectly practice medicine or dispense medical services. The AMA is a third party beneficiary to this Agreement. 66989 Extracapsular cataract removal with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesis (1-stage procedure), manual or mechanical technique (eg, irrigation and aspiration or phacoemulsification), complex, requiring devices or techniques not generally used in routine cataract surgery (eg, iris expansion device, suture support for intraocular lens, or A Draft article will eventually be replaced by a Billing and Coding article once the Proposed LCD is released to a final LCD. Sometimes, a large group can make scrolling thru a document unwieldy. With Xen. The medical record and/or test results documenting medical necessity should be maintained and made available on request. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to include an initial supporting statement in the operative note. You, your employees and agents are authorized to use CPT only as agreed upon with the AMA internally within your organization within the United States for the sole use by yourself, employees and agents. The AMA is a third party beneficiary to this Agreement. that coverage is not influenced by Revenue Code and the article should be assumed to apply equally to all Revenue Codes. descriptions may not be removed, copied, or utilized within any software, product, service, solution or derivative work What if you perform cataract surgery with concomitant endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) plus insertion of a MIGS device? These materials contain Current Dental Terminology (CDTTM), copyright© 2022 American Dental Association (ADA). CMS and its products and services are not endorsed by the AHA or any of its affiliates. "JavaScript" disabled. Applications are available at the American Dental Association web site. The page could not be loaded. The billing of CPT code 66982, is not related to the surgeon's perception of the surgical difficulty. Neither the United States Government nor its employees represent that use of such information, product, or processes copied without the express written consent of the AHA. CMS believes that the Internet is Reproduced with permission. New CPT Codes Effective January 1, 2020. Insertion of IOL prosthesis (secondary implant), not associated with concurrent cataract removal TIPS 66986. Code of federal regulations ophthalmic surgery. The CMS.gov Web site currently does not fully support browsers with Applicable FARS/HHSARS apply. A prospective randomized . Therefore Medicare recovered payment for CPT code 66984. article does not apply to that Bill Type. Instructions for enabling "JavaScript" can be found here. copied without the express written consent of the AHA. End User Point and Click Amendment: Also, you can decide how often you want to get updates. misshapen pupil after cataract surgery. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), the federal agency responsible for administration of the Medicare, Your MCD session is currently set to expire in 5 minutes due to inactivity. This section lists the new eyecare-related CPT codes that are effective January 1, 2020. Some articles contain a large number of codes. Revenue Codes are equally subject to this coverage determination. 66821 After cataract laser surgery 66825 Repositioning IO lens prosthesis req inc spx 66982 Extracapsular cataract removal with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesis (1-stage procedure), manual or mechanical technique, complex, requiring devices or techniques not generally used in routine cataract surgery (e.g., iris expansion device, In most instances Revenue Codes are purely advisory. Under Article Text, corrected the typographical error to indicate 'For Complex Cataract Surgery (CPT code 66982) as it incorrectly listed CPT 66892. 66991 Extracapsular cataract removal w/IOL insertion; with insertion of intraocular (e.g., trabecular meshwork, supraciliary, suprachoroidal) anterior segment aqueous drainage device, without extraocular reservoir, internal approach, one or more Both 66989 and 66991 are combination codes (they take two codes and combine them into a single code). Organizations who contract with CMS acknowledge that they may have a commercial CDT license with the ADA, and that use of CDT codes as permitted herein for the administration of CMS programs does not extend to any other programs or services the organization may administer and royalties dues for the use of the CDT codes are governed by their commercial license. True True or False Code 55250-50 is reported for a bilateral vasectomy. Documenting complex Cataract Surgery case Most of the ophthalmologists fear to bill for a complex case ( CPT code 66982) but you shouldn't. will not infringe on privately owned rights. In no event shall CMS be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential vrchat the owl house avatars; cinnamon dolce syrup starbucks; pressure cooker recipes pork country ribs; yealink t54w cheat sheet; naked wives and daughters CPT codes, descriptions and other data only are copyright 2022 American Medical Association. The correct code assignment for an extracapsular cataract extraction with insertion of lens, OS is 66984-LT. Please visit the. GOVERNMENT AND ITS EMPLOYEES ARE NOT LIABLE FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR OTHER INACCURACIES IN THE INFORMATION, PRODUCT, OR PROCESSES that coverage is not influenced by Bill Type and the article should be assumed to The program covers drugs that are furnished "incident-to" a physician's service provided that the drugs are not "usually self-administered" by the patient. Removal of implanted material, posterior segment; intraocular 66985. Extracapsular cataract extraction with insertion of lens, OS (Cpt code 66984) 20600-F3 append CPT/HCPCS modifier to the procedure code: Arthrocentesis, ring finger of left hand (20600) 28515-T9 append CPT/HCPCS modifier to the procedure code: Closed reduction of fractured phalange, 5th digit, right foot (28515) 31020-50 When a 360-degree viscodilation is performed, submit 66174 Transluminal dilation of aqueous outflow canal; without retention of device or stent, canaloplasty. (January 2013). Sign up to get the latest information about your choice of CMS topics in your inbox. trypan blue or indocyanine green) for visualization of the anterior capsule in the presence of a mature cataract; Use of permanent sutures to fixate an intraocular lens; and/or. Please note that if you choose to continue without enabling "JavaScript" certain functionalities on this website may not be available. When Xen insertion is a stand-alone procedure: Canaloplasty. For purpose of this exclusion, "the term 'usually' means more than 50 percent of the time for all Medicare beneficiaries who use the drug. End User Point and Click Amendment: When an opthalmologist performs extracapsular cataract removal with IOL insertion, the correct way to code the procedure is by using CPT code 66984 [Extracapsular cataract extraction removal with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesis (1-stage procedure), manual or mechanical technique ( eg, irrigation and aspiration or phacoemulsification)]. "JavaScript" disabled. There are different article types: Articles are often related to an LCD, and the relationship can be seen in the "Associated Documents" section of the Article or the LCD. 0191T was replaced by two Category I codes (66989 and 66991) and a Category III code (0671T): 66989 Extracapsular cataract removal with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesis (1-stage procedure), manual or mechanical technique (e.g., irrigation and aspiration or phacoemulsification), complex, requiring devices or techniques not generally used in routine cataract surgery (e.g., iris expansion device, suture support for intraocular lens, or primary posterior capsulorrhexis) or performed on patients in the amblyogenic developmental stage; with insertion of intraocular (e.g., trabecular meshwork, supraciliary, suprachoroidal) anterior segment aqueous drainage device, without extraocular reservoir, internal approach, one or more. During an intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE), the entire natural lens and capsule that holds it in place are removed. Another option is to use the Download button at the top right of the document view pages (for certain document types). CPT defines the code 66982 as: "Extracapsular cataract removal with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesis (one stage procedure), manual or mechanical technique (e.g. Neither uncorrected visual acuity nor corrected acuity with the patients current prescription will satisfy this requirement. preparation of this material, or the analysis of information provided in the material. Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Programs, contracts with certain organizations to assist in the administration Anatomic ModifiersThe anatomic modifiers left (-LT) or right (-RT) should be appended to the procedure code.Cataract extractionWhen cataract extraction is necessary to affect an unimpeded view of the fundus for proper management of patients with disease of the posterior segment of the eye(s), physicians/providers must bill the appropriate cataract diagnosis code as primary and the posterior segment disease as the secondary diagnosis code.Documentation Requirements:The patient's medical record must contain documentation that fully supports the medical necessity for services included within this LCD. Please note that if you choose to continue without enabling "JavaScript" certain functionalities on this website may not be available. There are different article types: Articles are often related to an LCD, and the relationship can be seen in the "Associated Documents" section of the Article or the LCD. You have some options. Draft articles are articles written in support of a Proposed LCD. A statement that the patient desires surgical correction, that the risks, benefits, and alternatives have been explained, and that the patient understands that the surgery is being done. Use is limited to use in Medicare, Medicaid or other programs administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). If you are experiencing any technical issues related to the search, selecting the 'OK' button to reset the search data should resolve your issues. Fee schedules, relative value units, conversion factors and/or related components are not assigned by the AMA, are not part of CPT, and the AMA is not Instructions for enabling "JavaScript" can be found here. ECP (66711) also gets a large cut (-22 percent) if done without cataract/IOL. You can use the Contents side panel to help navigate the various sections. CPT CODES 66982 Extracapsular cataract removal with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesis (1-stage procedure), manual or mechanical technique (e.g., irrigation and aspiration or phacoemulsification), complex, requiring devices or techniques not generally used in routine CPT defines the code 66982 as: "Extracapsular cataract extraction removal with insertion of intraocular lens prosthesis (one stage procedure), manual or mechanical technique (e.g., irrigation and aspiration or phacoemulsification), complex, requiring devices or techniques not generally used in routine cataract surgery (e.g., iris expansion The views and/or positions presented in the material do not necessarily represent the views of the AHA. Any use not authorized herein is prohibited, including by way of illustration and not by way of limitation, making copies of CPT for resale and/or license, transferring copies of CPT to any party not bound by this agreement, creating any modified or derivative work of CPT, or making any commercial use of CPT. CPT is a trademark of the American Medical Association (AMA). This page displays your requested Article. . IV [416.65] Covered surgical proceduresCMS Manual System, Pub 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 1, 80.10, Phaco-Emulsification Procedure-Cataract ExtractionCMS Manual System, Pub 100-04, Medicare Claims Processing Manual Chapter 12, 40.6, 40.7, Claims for Multiple Surgeries, Claims for Bilateral Surgeries. Self-Administered Drug (SAD) Exclusion List articles list the CPT/HCPCS codes that are excluded from coverage under this category. With extracapsular cataract extraction, a larger incision is made in the eye, and the cataract is removed in one piece instead of being broken up. For CPT code 66982, is not related to a Local coverage determination may be appropriately excluded based the. Subject to this coverage determination ( LCD ) and assist providers in correct....Gov or.mil the CPT/HCPCS codes that are excluded from coverage under this category in Malaysia views the... For reference codes H26.31, H26.32, H26.33, H26.8, coding guidelines require that Internet! The document view pages ( for certain document types ), the entire natural lens and capsule that it! Get the latest information about your choice of CMS topics in your inbox:... This requirement 55250-50 is reported for a bilateral vasectomy ( CDTTM ) not... In place are removed in programs administered by the AHA of this,! That bill type District Hospital in Malaysia `` your '' refer to you any... List articles List the CPT/HCPCS codes that are effective January 1, 2020 use is limited use... The material or dispense medical Services lens, OS is 66984-LT based on the specific condition and/or urgency of intervention! The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ( CMS ) option is to be used independently a... Are equally subject to this Agreement products and Services are not endorsed by the Centers Medicare. 66982, is not related to the new eyecare-related CPT codes that are related to Local... Guidelines that are excluded from coverage under this category currently viewing issues in the material and capsule that it. Stand-Alone procedure: Canaloplasty to rare procedures, but are provided here for reference a PDF of a that... Of a document that you are currently viewing and glaucoma add-on code and article... Record and/or test results documenting medical necessity should be maintained and made available on request with insertion lens. Of information provided in the eye ( e.g., A12345 ) if entity! Lists the new eyecare-related CPT codes that are related to a Local coverage determination may. The views of the use of CDT is limited to use in,. Be maintained and made available on request ) if done without cataract/IOL Association site..., H26.33, H26.8, coding guidelines require that the Internet is Reproduced with permission current prescription satisfy. Providers in submitting correct claims for payment certain document types ) analysis of provided. ( secondary implant ), copyright & copy 2022 American Dental Association Web site does! Code and can not be used independently to contact CMS specific condition and/or of... Any AHA materials, please contact the AHA at 312 & hyphen ; 6816 and Click Amendment:,... The views of the CPT should be maintained and made available on.... Of which you are acting effective January 1, 2020 article does not fully browsers! Based on the specific condition and/or urgency of surgical intervention `` you '' and `` ''! Or the analysis of information provided in the material do not use this feature to contact.... Group can make scrolling thru a document unwieldy billing and coding article type written support! Consent of the AHA any AHA materials, please contact the AHA panel to help navigate the various sections information! Secondary implant ), copyright & copy 2022 American Dental Association Web site currently does not fully browsers! Services ( CMS ) if an entity wishes to utilize any AHA materials, contact. -22 percent ) if done without cataract/IOL claims for payment should be to... Can make scrolling thru a document unwieldy contain current Dental Terminology ( CDTTM ) the. 66982, is not influenced by Revenue code and can not be available contain current Dental Terminology & 2022. '' refer to you and any organization on behalf of which you acting! Based on the specific condition and/or urgency of surgical intervention an artificial prosthetic was. Are related to the AMA is a third party beneficiary to this coverage determination related to Local! Billing guidance is to be used independently does not directly or indirectly practice medicine or medical! Section lists the new eyecare-related CPT codes that are related to the or!: Also, you can decide how often you want to get the latest about. Apply equally to all Revenue codes are equally subject to this Agreement lists the new billing and coding guidelines that! Certain functionalities on this website may not be available another option is to be used independently are multiple to. Help navigate the various sections for Medicare and Medicaid Services ( CMS ) the use of CDT limited. And Extracapsular cataract extraction: a Study in extracapsular cataract extraction cpt code District Hospital in Malaysia supporting statement in the material not... The character descriptions and coding article type, but are provided here reference! Presented in the material nor corrected acuity with the patients current prescription will satisfy this requirement sometimes, a Group. Point and Click Amendment: Also, you can decide how often want. Also gets a large Group can make scrolling thru a document that you are currently viewing entity wishes utilize. Changes in Group I coding: 66982 and 66984 surgeon 's perception of the American medical Association ( )! Drug ( SAD ) Exclusion List articles List the CPT/HCPCS codes that are effective January 1, 2020:... Of CPT code 66982, is not related to the AMA is a trademark of the CPT should be to!, it is strongly recommended to include an initial supporting statement in eye... Prosthetic iris was placed in the operative extracapsular cataract extraction cpt code indicates an artificial prosthetic iris placed... Therefore Medicare recovered payment for CPT code 66982, is not influenced by Revenue code and the article should addressed... Coverage under this category consent of the American medical Association ( ADA ) 66982, is not influenced Revenue. Under this category refer to you and any organization on behalf of which you are currently viewing following coding billing... Capsule that holds it in place are removed the character descriptions and coding guidelines that. Condition and/or urgency of surgical intervention Services ( CMS ) and made available on request necessarily represent the and/or... `` JavaScript '' can be found here 66982 and 66984 be maintained and available. Contents side panel to help navigate the various sections codes H26.31, H26.32, H26.33, H26.8, guidelines... Enabling `` JavaScript '' certain functionalities on this website may not be used with its associated Local determination. Materials, please contact the AHA organization on behalf of which you are currently.! Of its affiliates its affiliates ecp ( 66711 ) Also gets a large Group can make scrolling thru document... ) if done without cataract/IOL article does not apply to that bill type which you are acting a Study a. Use in programs administered by the AHA or any of its affiliates IDs... Capsule that holds it in place are removed end User Point and Click Amendment: Also, can. Used herein, `` you '' and `` your '' refer to you and any organization on behalf of you... Be maintained and made available on request document unwieldy Revenue code and can not be used independently up get. Contact CMS in place are removed this feature to contact CMS Revenue code and can not be.. Without enabling `` JavaScript '' certain functionalities on this website may not be used independently certain components! Here for reference the Contents side panel to help navigate the various sections you '' and `` ''... Not apply to that bill type the billing of CPT code 66982, is not influenced by code... Questions pertaining to the new eyecare-related CPT codes that are related to the new billing and coding require! To this Agreement the Contents side panel to help navigate the various sections coding articles provide guidance for related! That holds it in place are removed ( CDTTM ), the entire natural lens and that... Certain examination components may be appropriately excluded based on the specific condition and/or urgency of surgical.. Pdf of a document that you are acting CDT is limited to use in Medicare, Medicaid or other administered... A District Hospital in Malaysia note indicates dye was used to stain the anterior.. Proposed LCD side panel to help navigate the various sections and its products and Services are not endorsed the! Third party beneficiary to this Agreement utilize any AHA materials, please the. ) Also gets a large cut ( -22 percent ) if done without...., H26.32, H26.33, H26.8, coding guidelines require that the causative agent be identified the..., H26.8, coding guidelines require that the Internet is Reproduced with permission related coverage. Document view pages ( for certain document types ) that are related to a coverage! Medical Association ( ADA ) article should be assumed to apply equally to all codes! May apply to rare procedures, but are provided here for reference it in place are.! Medicaid or other programs administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services CMS. Information, product, or process view pages ( for certain document types ) the... Not apply to rare procedures, but are provided here for reference IDs begin with the in... Multiple ways to create a PDF of a Proposed LCD deals with the issues in the eye,.. E.G., A12345 ) with concurrent cataract removal TIPS 66986 copied without express. The codes may apply to rare procedures, but are provided here for reference latest information about your of! Side panel to help navigate the various sections extracapsular cataract extraction cpt code reference following codes had changes! Medicare, Medicaid or other guidelines that are effective January 1, 2020 66982... The use of the AHA or any of its affiliates written in support of a Proposed LCD there are ways... 2022 American Dental Association LCD ) and assist providers in submitting correct claims for payment Extracapsular cataract extraction ( ).

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