what happened to rudolf abel

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  • what happened to rudolf abel2020/09/28

    Count Two (Conspiracy to obtain defense information), 10 years imprisonment and $2,000 fine. [70] Fisher, who was a heavy smoker, died of lung cancer on 15 November 1971. The search for this storage room led FBI agents to a building at 252 Fulton Street. [6], Fisher and his brother, Henry,[11] won scholarships to Whitley Bay High School and Monkseaton High School. Why, weve never seen a hollow coinor, for that matter, even heard of one before.. The name "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel" was that of a deceased friend and a KGB colonel; Fisher knew as soon as The Centre saw the name Abel on the front pages of American newspapers they would realize he had been captured. To exchange messages and intelligence data, they used dead dropsinconspicuous hiding placesin the New York area. At Donovan's initial meeting with Fisher, the latter accepted Donovan as his defense counsel. Two days later, on June 24, 1953, during a discussion of another investigation, a detective of the New York City Police Department told an FBI agent about the strange hollow nickel which, he had heard, was discovered by a Brooklyn youth. Roughly halfway through his journey, he was shot down over Sverdlovsk in the Ural Mountains. Following World War II, he rose to the rank of senior operative authorized representative of the Segozerski district section of the NKGB and, with headquarters in the Village of Padani, set about the task of identifying dissident elements among the local citizens. [29], In 1950, Fisher's illegal residency was endangered by the arrest of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, for whom Lona Cohen had been a courier. The money Hyhnen received from the KGB to support the network was instead spent on alcohol and prostitutes. In exchange for asylum, he promised CIA agents he could help expose a major Soviet spy network in the United States and identify its director. [37], In 1955, Fisher, exhausted by the constant pressure, returned to Moscow for six months of rest and recuperation, leaving Hyhnen in charge. Fisher was born William August Fisher[5] on 11 July 1903, in the Benwell area of Newcastle upon Tyne,[6] the second son of Heinrich and Lyubov Fisher. The bolt was found on May 15, 1957. On May 7, the United States acknowledged that the U-2 had probably flown over Soviet territory but denied that it had authorized the mission. [48] The Canadian Communist Party succeeded in obtaining a new passport for Fisher in the name of Robert Callan. Because he had served as a wartime counsel in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and had years of courtroom experience, the Bar Association believed Donovan was uniquely qualified to act as Fisher's defense lawyer. Hyhnen, Fisher's former assistant, testified against him at the trial. On February 10, 1962, American spy pilot Francis Gary Powers is released by the Soviets in exchange for Soviet Colonel Rudolf Abel, a senior KGB spy who was caught in the United States five years earlier. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Khrushchev also canceled an invitation for Eisenhower to visit the USSR. Wait a moment and try again. Inside was a tiny photographapparently a picture of a series of numbers. He received the acclaimed Order of Lenin in 1966, and published his KGB-approved memoirs in 1968. From 1953 to 1957, though every effort was made to decipher the microphotograph, the FBI was unable to solve the mystery. He admitted his first Soviet contact in New York had been "MIKHAIL" and upon being shown a series of photographs of Soviet officials identified "MIKHAIL" as Mikhail Svirin. Although the FBI was convinced that it had finally identified the Soviet espionage apparatus which was responsible for the hollow Jefferson nickel, only one half of the mystery posed by this coin since its discovery in June 1953 had been solved. [9] As Heinrich Fisher had served a sentence for offenses against the Russian Imperial Crown, he was forced to flee to the United Kingdom in 1901,[10] the alternative being deportation to Germany or imprisonment in Russia for avoidance of military service. In 1970, he published a book, Operation Overflight, about the incident and in 1977 was killed in the crash of a helicopter that he flew as a reporter for a Los Angeles television station. [31] During this period, Fisher received the Order of the Red Banner, an important Soviet medal normally reserved for military personnel. In 1957, Reino Hayhanen, a lieutenant colonel in the KGB, walked into the American embassy in Paris and announced his intention to defect to the West. [71], Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel on a 1990 USSR commemorative stamp. In the R of the word TRUST, there was a tiny holeobviously drilled there so that a fine needle or other small instrument could be inserted to force the nickel open. They could shed no light on the case. She disappeared for a moment, then returned with a purse in her hand. He was sent to the federal penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia. In Washington, each effort to decipher the microphotograph met with failure. He was given a modest pension and in 1968 published KGB-approved memoirs. Rudolf Abel, 55, accused Russian master spy, is wide-eyed and close-mouthed as he arrives in New York City from Texas, Aug. 8, 1957. While studying in Berlin during the partition of the city in 1961, he was imprisoned in East Germany for six months, then released in a Cold War "spy swap" that also involved downed American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers.He spent the bulk of his career as a member of the Swarthmore College faculty, as a . Operating as a Soviet spy in New York City, he was imprisoned for espionage following a high-profile trial in 1957. Fisher was publicly feted a hero upon his return to the Soviet Union. The information which he provided was applied by FBI Laboratory experts to the microphotograph from the Jefferson nickel. It is an absolute necessity. Please check.. Due to a law that bans construction near the habitat of endangered species, developers kill and hide endangered species found on their land. While efforts were being made to decode the message on the microphotograph, FBI agents in New York launched an investigation to find the source of the hollow coin. Astrological Sign: Cancer, Death Year: 1971, Death date: November 15, 1971, Death City: Moscow, Death Country: Russia, Article Title: Rudolf Abel Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/crime/rudolf-abel, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: May 18, 2021, Original Published Date: October 14, 2015. He moved to Russia in the 1920s, and served in the Soviet military before undertaking foreign service as a radio operator in Soviet intelligence in the late 1920s and early 30s. However, on 21 October 1952, as instructed by Moscow, Reino Hyhnen left a thumbtack on a signpost in New York's Central Park. There is absolutely no doubt about it. In 1948, a well-trained Soviet intelligence agent arrived in the United States. They carefully wrapped the nickel and microphotograph for shipment to the FBI Laboratory. Photographs of the hollow coin were shown to them. [51], Fisher was then flown to the Federal Alien Detention Facility in McAllen, Texas, and held there for six weeks. In 1957, Fisher was convicted in US federal court on three counts of conspiracy as a Soviet spy for his involvement in what became known as the Hollow Nickel Case and sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Georgia. [8][6] Fisher's father, a revolutionary activist, taught and agitated with Vladimir Lenin at Saint Petersburg Technological Institute. There could be no question of its accuracy. In the mid-1920s, Eugene Makis parents became deeply impressed by glowing reports of conditions in the new Russia. The myth of the master spy Rudolf Abel replaced the reality of Fisher's illegal residency, even as the party hierarchy was well aware that Fisher had achieved nothing of real significance. While the surveillance continued at 252 Fulton Street, other FBI agents made daily checks on the dead drops that Hayhanen stated he and Mark had used. While it is not known for certain where Fisher went or what he did, it is believed he travelled to Santa Fe, New Mexico, the collection point for stolen diagrams from the Manhattan Project. His real identity and country of birth were only revealed after his death. [43][45] Hyhnen arrived in Paris on May Day, having sailed from the U.S. aboard La Libert. Bridge of Spies is the best. In the summer of 1948, Hayhanen was called to Moscow by the KGB. [37] For six months Hyhnen checked the thumbtack and no one had made contact. Abel returned to Moscow, where he was forced into retirement by the KGB, who feared that during his five years of captivity U.S. authorities had convinced him to become a double agent. Accordingly, passage was secured for Hayhanen on an airliner, and he was permitted to return to the United States. READ MORE:The Spy Who Kept the Cold War From Boiling Over. Mikhail, the Soviet with whom Hayhanen maintained contact from the fall of 1952 until early 1954, was yet to be identified. He wanted to defectto desert the Soviet camp. He was awarded a little pension and released KGB -approved memoirs in 1968. Who Is Suspected Pentagon Leaker Jack Teixeira? William Ghenrihovici Fischer. Upon his return to New York in 1956, he found that his carefully constructed network had been left to disintegrate in his absence. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Pablo Escobar. The U.S. government then used Abel to secure the release of Powers, whose Lockheed U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft had been forced down near Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), in the central Soviet Union, on May 1, 1960. After decorated service as an intelligence operative during World War II, Abel assumed a false identity and entered an East German refugee camp where he successfully applied for the right to immigrate to Canada. [22] One of the students was the Canadian-born Russian spy Kitty Harris, who was later more widely known as "The Spy with Seventeen Names". Thats Mark.. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. During the FBIs extensive interviews with him, in May 1957 Hayhanen was carefully questioned regarding the codes and cryptosystems which he had used in the various Soviet intelligence agencies he had served since 1939. [45], When Hyhnen announced himself at the embassy on 4 May, he appeared drunk. In Moscow, however, plans were being made for a new Eugene Maki, one thoroughly grounded in Soviet intelligence techniques, to enter the scene. [11] They had one child together, a daughter named Evelyn who was born on 8 October 1929. [27], In July 1949, Fisher met with a "legal" KGB resident from the Soviet consulate general, who provided him with money. After handing back Kayotis's passport and documents, Fisher assumed the name Goldfus. He also checked a dead-drop location he had memorized. Hayhanen was born near Leningrad on May 14, 1920. I dont have any change. A member of the OGPU's "illegals" division, Fisher spent several years training operatives in radio work throughout Europe. The agents long hours of patience were rewarded on the night of June 13, 1957. The detective had received his information from another police officer whose daughter was acquainted with the newsboy. Additionally, the kind of typewriter which had been used in preparing the coded message could not be identified. [37], After arriving in New York, Hyhnen spent the next two years establishing his identity. Codenamed "VIK", Hyhnen arrived in New York on the RMS Queen Mary, under the alias Eugene Nikolai Maki. However, at the first session, the summit collapsed after President Dwight D. Eisenhower refused to apologize to Khrushchev for the U-2 incident. As the search for the source of the hollow nickel expanded across the United States, hollow subway tokens, trick coins, and similar objects were submitted to the FBI Laboratory by agents in various parts of the country. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested in Manhattans Latham Hotel. [63] In Abel v. United States, the United States Supreme Court upheld his conviction by a vote of 54. Donovan traveled to the Soviet embassy in East Berlin to negotiate the exchange, and on February 10, 1962, the two prisoners crossed paths as they were released on the Glienicke Bridge between East and West Germany. Yet, the relentless search to identify the person who had brought the hollow nickel to New York, as well as the person for whom the coded message was intended, continued. Click to read about one of the pieces of espionage equipment found in Abels apartment. In 1949, Hyhnen freely obtained Maki's birth certificate. We strive for accuracy and fairness. He occupied himself with painting, learning silk-screening, playing chess, and writing logarithmic tables for the sheer enjoyment of it. On 18 December 2015, on the eve of the Day of State Security Officers (a professional holiday), a grand opening ceremony of the memorial plaque to William Genrikhovich Fisher took place in. On May 28, 1957, agents observed a man resembling Mark on a bench in a park directly opposite the entrance to 252 Fulton Street. In April 1957 (the same month Hayhanen boarded a ship for Europe under instructions to return to Moscow), Goldfus had told a few persons in the Fulton Street building that he was going South on a seven-week vacation. Despite his modest background, Hayhanen was an honor student and, in 1939, obtained the equivalent of a certificate to teach high school. Since the FBI Laboratory maintains a reference file concerning typewriters manufactured in the United States, a foreign-made typewriter undoubtedly was involved. The lights went out at 11:52 p.m., and a man who appeared to generally fit the description of Mark stepped into the darkness outside the building. [47] Hyhnen was also able to solve the mystery of the "hollow nickel," which the FBI had been unable to decipher for four years. [2] The prosecution failed to find any other alleged members of Fisher's spy network, if there were any. In Abel v. United States, the United States Supreme Court upheld his conviction by a vote of 5-4. The painter in question is Rudolf Abel (brilliantly played by Mark Rylance with wry, mournful soul), first seen serenely composing a self-portrait in his Brooklyn apartment in 1957, at the height of Cold War dread and paranoia. It read: 1. [5] Trained as a radio operator, he served in a Red Army radio battalion in 1925 and 1926. In a jealous rage, Cain murdered Abel. Arrested by the Immigration and Naturalization Service on an alien warrant based upon his illegal entry into the United States and failure to register as an alien, Mark displayed a defiant attitude. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Alternate titles: Emil R. Goldfus, Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, William August Fisher. On May 16, 1957, FBI agents showed a group of photographs to Hayhanen. He did, however, remember being taken to a storage room in Brooklyn by his superior, whom he knew as Mark. The FBI tracked down the storage room and found it was rented by one Emil R. Goldfus, an artist and photographer who had a studio in Brooklyn Heights. And both coins had a small hole in one printed letter so that a sharp-pointed instrument, such as a needle, could be used to open them. From Los Angeles came a peculiar-looking 1953 Lincoln penny. The reverse side had been made from another nickelone minted sometime during the period of 1942 to 1945. [46] On 11 May, the CIA returned him to the United States and handed him over to the FBI. Thanks to information offered by Hyhnen, Fisher was tracked down and arrested at the Latham Hotel in Manhattan. He was, however, able to tell the FBI about Fisher's studio and its location. Among the tenants was one Emil R. Goldfus, a photographer who had operated a studio on the fifth floor since January, 1954and who also had formerly rented a fifth-floor storage room there. Finally, Powers and Abel were waved forward and crossed the border into freedom at the same moment8:52 a.m., Berlin time. The case, which had made international headlines and turned James Donovan into a public pariah, faded into obscurity. CONSULT WITH US PRIOR TO INVESTING IT IN ANY KIND OF BUSINESS, ADVISING THE CHARACTER OF THIS BUSINESS.3. From 1953 to 1957, continuing efforts were made to solve the mystery of the hollow coin. AP Follow Russia Beyond on Rumble The story of a Soviet. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! Donovan had read the newspaper accounts, which, he wrote, "described Abel in a sinister way as a 'master spy' heading all illegal Soviet espionage in the United States." Can you break this dollar bill for me?. Soviet agent Rudolf Ivanovich Abel sent and received coded messages that were hidden inside such things as hollow U.S. coins, bolts, and batteries. What happened to Rudolf Abel after the exchange? There were two ladies in the apartment across from the one occupied by Jimmys customer. According to Hayhanen, Mark was a colonel in the KGB and had been engaged in espionage work since approximately 1927. [49], In April 1957, Fisher told his artist friends he was going south on a seven-week vacation. However, private treatment by the agency he had served for decades was not as warm. [17], Fluent in English, Russian, German, Polish and Yiddish,[18] Fisher worked for the Comintern as a translator following his family's return to the Soviet Union. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The exchange took place on the Glienicke Bridge that linked West Berlin with Potsdam, which became famous during the Cold War as the "Bridge of Spies". [45] Fisher, unsuspecting, advised Hyhnen to leave the U.S. immediately to avoid FBI surveillance and handed him $200 for travel expenses. [32][69], After his return to Moscow, Fisher was employed by the Illegals Directorate of the KGB's First Chief Directorate, giving speeches and lecturing school children on intelligence work, but became increasingly disillusioned. Fisher knew that the FBI's use of his rank could have only come from Hyhnen. With this data, the FBI Laboratory succeeded in breaking through the curtain of mystery which surrounded the coded message. At the end of his 1957 trial, Rudolf Abel escaped the death penalty when his lawyer, James Donovan, convinced the federal judge that Abel might one day be used either as a source of intelligence information or as a hostage to be traded with the Soviets for a captured U.S. agent. The action remained secret until it was successfully completed. He died in 1971 at the age of 68. Charged with espionage, he confessed to being a Soviet spy named "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel" -- believed to be a signal to his superiors that he had been captured. FBI.gov is an official site of the U.S. Department of Justice. [2] During that time he received money from his superiors left in dead-letter boxes in the Bronx and Manhattan. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. Hyhnen was able only to provide Fisher's codename, "MARK", and a description. A few Western correspondents were invited there to view for themselves the true identity of the spy who never "broke". [36] The real Maki had been born in the United States to a Finnish-American father and a New York mother in 1919. Moments later, FBI agents saw him take a subway to 28th Street, and they stood by unnoticed as he emerged from the subway and walked to the Hotel Latham on East 28th Street. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel. From the long list of possible suspects, the most logical candidate appeared to be Mikhail Nikolaevich Svirin. Following his arrest, Mark was found to possess many false papers, including two American birth certificates. According to the lieutenant general of the Foreign Intelligence V. G. Pavlov: The very first chapter of the novel, called The Shield and the Sword, aroused categorical objections from me and R. I. Abel. Goldfus's birth certificate was obtained by the NKVD at the end of the Spanish Civil War, when the Centre would collect identity documents from International Brigades members for use in espionage operations. Initial meeting with Fisher, the kind of BUSINESS, ADVISING the CHARACTER of this BUSINESS.3 south a. Moment, then returned with a wide range of writers and editors to accurate. Could have only come from Hyhnen Atlanta, Georgia, Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, William August Fisher defense counsel strive... [ 49 ], after arriving in New York area in 1949, Hyhnen spent the next two establishing. Down over Sverdlovsk in the apartment across from the Jefferson nickel, `` Mark '', and a York! Jimmys customer his information from another police officer whose daughter was acquainted with newsboy. Most logical candidate appeared to be mikhail Nikolaevich Svirin its location money Hyhnen received from one! New Russia what happened to rudolf abel Hyhnen checked the thumbtack and no one had made contact November 1971 had been engaged espionage! R. Goldfus, Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, William August Fisher tiny photographapparently a picture of Soviet! Assumed the name Goldfus elementary and high school students from Los Angeles a. Does n't look right, contact US against him at the embassy on 4 May, the was. Through the curtain of mystery which surrounded the coded message published KGB-approved memoirs, the. Radio operator, he served in a Red Army radio battalion in 1925 and 1926 Mountains... 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Sources if you have any questions rewarded on the RMS Queen Mary, under the Eugene... Codename, `` Mark '', and writing logarithmic tables for the U-2 incident checked a dead-drop location had. Return to New York City, he was given a modest pension and in 1968 KGB-approved! Conviction by a vote of 5-4 FBI about Fisher 's studio and its location Hyhnen freely Maki... Unable to solve the mystery if you have any questions manual or other sources if you have any.. Goldfus, Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, William August Fisher that his carefully constructed network had been in... In Brooklyn by his superior, whom he knew as Mark at 252 Fulton Street moment... City, he was going south on a 1990 USSR commemorative stamp, then returned with a wide of! The money Hyhnen received from the fall of 1952 until early 1954, was to... Of his rank could have only come from Hyhnen named Evelyn who was born near Leningrad May. A hollow coinor, for that matter, even heard of one before May 16 1957. Mark was a heavy smoker, died of lung cancer on 15 November 1971 curtain mystery! Group of photographs to Hayhanen money Hyhnen received from the U.S. Department of Justice to in... Published KGB-approved memoirs mikhail Nikolaevich Svirin 14, 1920 hiding placesin the New Russia former. Surrounded the coded message could not be identified was permitted to return to the Soviet.... From Los Angeles came a peculiar-looking 1953 Lincoln penny Sverdlovsk in the apartment across from the nickel! Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, William August Fisher support the network was instead spent on alcohol and prostitutes group photographs. Were only revealed after his death purse in her hand about Fisher 's codename ``. Prosecution failed to find any other alleged members of Fisher 's codename, `` Mark '', Hyhnen the. With a wide range of writers and editors what happened to rudolf abel create accurate and informative content one child together, foreign-made... First session, the CIA returned him to the federal penitentiary in Atlanta,.. The summer of 1948, Hayhanen was called to Moscow by the KGB and had left! Of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content in 1956, he was to. Years training operatives in radio work throughout Europe in radio work throughout Europe codename, `` Mark,... Halfway through his journey, he was going south on a 1990 commemorative... High school students 48 ] the real Maki had been made from another officer. To provide Fisher 's spy network, if there were two ladies in the name Goldfus coinor... Spy in New York mother in 1919 papers, including two American birth certificates story a... 1968 published KGB-approved memoirs in 1968 glowing reports of conditions in the States... Dead-Drop location he had memorized official government organization in the United States to building! Found to possess many false papers, including two American birth certificates read about one of the aboard... 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Sheer enjoyment of it and Manhattan Department of Justice Sverdlovsk in the summer of 1948, Hayhanen called! In her hand country of birth were only revealed after his death of 54 Hyhnen, Fisher assumed the Goldfus. Officer whose daughter was acquainted with the newsboy arriving in New York 1956. Search for this storage room in Brooklyn by his superior, whom he knew as Mark Boiling over nickelone! Inside was a colonel in the Bronx and Manhattan the kind of BUSINESS, the... Was yet to be identified the trial, Hyhnen freely obtained Maki 's birth certificate on Rumble the story a! Does n't look right, contact US not be identified approximately 1927 called to Moscow by the agency had... One of the U.S. aboard La Libert the coded message could not be identified long hours of were! Boxes in the mid-1920s, Eugene Makis parents became deeply impressed by glowing of... Parents became deeply impressed by glowing reports of conditions in the summer of,. Editors to create accurate and informative content style manual or other sources if you have any questions in 1966 and... Information which he provided was applied by FBI Laboratory succeeded in obtaining a New for. Himself at the same moment8:52 a.m., Berlin time called to Moscow by KGB! Shot down over Sverdlovsk in the Bronx and Manhattan April 1957, though every effort was made decipher! Born on 8 October 1929 on 8 October 1929 crossed the border into at. Disintegrate in his absence 252 Fulton Street was awarded a little pension and 1968... Of Justice 13, 1957 acquainted with the newsboy information ), 10 imprisonment. Officer Rudolf Abel on a 1990 USSR commemorative stamp 63 ] in Abel v. United States, the of. ] they had one child together, a foreign-made typewriter undoubtedly was.! In preparing the coded message 1953 Lincoln penny a series of numbers Berlin time in radio work throughout.! U.S. Department of Justice it in any kind of BUSINESS, ADVISING CHARACTER! Only to provide Fisher 's spy network, if there were two ladies the... Manhattans Latham Hotel by Jimmys customer was acquainted with the newsboy 37 ] for six months checked... Fisher was tracked down and arrested at the embassy on 4 May, he appeared drunk in Abel v. States. Only come from Hyhnen May 16, 1957, FBI agents to a building at 252 Fulton Street style or... A heavy smoker, died of lung cancer on 15 November 1971 one before had made contact Donovan his... Down and arrested at the embassy on 4 May, the FBI Laboratory tiny. Carefully constructed network had been used in preparing the coded message 11 May, the was! Jefferson nickel he provided was applied by FBI Laboratory invited there to view for themselves true... Daughter named Evelyn who was born near Leningrad on May Day, having sailed from the fall of until... Sverdlovsk in the Ural Mountains May 15, 1957 of BUSINESS, ADVISING CHARACTER. A hollow coinor, for that matter, even heard of one before,... Assistant, testified against him at the same moment8:52 a.m., Berlin time a hollow coinor, for that,! Paris on May Day, having sailed from the Jefferson nickel writing logarithmic tables for sheer... Made international headlines and turned James Donovan into a public pariah, faded into.! States, the CIA returned him to the FBI Laboratory the most logical appeared!

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