exercise 1: stoichiometry and a precipitation reaction

exercise 1: stoichiometry and a precipitation reaction2020/09/28

(actual, not theoretical) could be checked in the experiment performed. Aqueous solutions of strontium bromide and aluminum nitrate are mixed. MgSO x7H O = 246 per mol 4.10: Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reactions is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. The molar mass of an element is equal to the mass in grams required to equal 1 mole of the substance. Determining the Products for Precipitation Reactions: Determining the Products for Precipitation Reactions, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. Although Equation \(\ref{4.2.1a}\) gives the identity of the reactants and the products, it does not show the identities of the actual species in solution. Note: Always watch significant figures during calculations, or theoretical yield of the products and reactants may differ slightly. Record this value in Data Table 1. Initial: CaCl22H2O (g). Assume that the actual yield was 8.15 g BaSO4. accuracy and suggest possible sources of error. ): Co2- (aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + SO42-(aq) Co2- (aq) + SO42-(aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + 2Cl-(aq). Note: To fully and accurately complete all lab exercises, you will need access to: 1. . See Figure 4. After the amount is calculated, you then can add it to the . Similarly, we find that \(NaCl\) is soluble based on rules 1 and 3. Mixing the two solutions initially gives an aqueous solution that contains Ba2+, Cl, Li+, and SO42 ions. The equation shows that when 1 ion of barium. The purpose of this experiment is to use stoichiometry to predict how much of a product will be made in a precipitation reaction, to measure the reactants and products of the reaction correctly, to figure out the actual yield vs. the theoretical yield and to calculate the percent yield. In this case, they are the sodium and chlorine ions. Forming and Cleaving Covalent Bonds 2. Freeouf, J.L, Grischkowsky, D., McInturff, D.T., Warren, A.C., & Woodall, J.M. Record the answers in Data Table 1 of your Lab Report Assistant. Actual: CaCO 3 (g) 0. The chemical compounds that are present before a reaction occurs are called reactants, and the compounds produced from the reaction are called products. 1. The limiting reactant is Co 2+. The solids produced in precipitate reactions are crystalline solids, and can be suspended throughout the liquid or fall to the bottom of the solution. The easiest way to make that kind of prediction is to attempt to place the reaction into one of several familiar classifications, refinements of the five general kinds of reactions (acidbase, exchange, condensation, cleavage, and oxidationreduction reactions). Balancing . reactions that are supposed to react with the Na2CO3. . Because the reactants are ionic and aqueous, they dissociate and are therefore soluble. B. Describe how conservation of mass (actual, not theoretical) could be checked in the experiment performed. The yield percentage of my experiment was a little over 91%. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment's questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Wash the now empty 100 mL glass beaker (that contained the Na2CO3 solution) with soap and water. 3g- A mole ( or mol) is a unit of measure, describing the amount of a chemical substance that contains as many atoms, ions, or molecules as there are in exactly 12 grams of pure Carbon (12C). Solid sodium fluoride is added to an aqueous solution of ammonium formate. Molecular and Empirical Formulas: Introduction to molecular and empirical formulas. After performing the reaction, you will calculate the percent yield of product. 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\rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Example \(\PageIndex{1}\): Balancing Precipitation Equations, Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\): Mixing Silver Fluoride with Sodium Phosphate, Determining the Products for Precipitation Reactions, YouTube(opens in new window), Predicting the Solubility of Ionic Compounds, YouTube(opens in new window), status page at https://status.libretexts.org, most salts that contain an alkali metal (Li, most salts of anions derived from monocarboxylic acids (e.g., CH, silver acetate and salts of long-chain carboxylates, salts of metal ions located on the lower right side of the periodic table (e.g., Cu, most salts that contain the hydroxide (OH, salts of the alkali metals (group 1), the heavier alkaline earths (Ca. 1 250-mL beaker 6. This unbalanced equation has the general form of an exchange reaction: \[ \overbrace{\ce{AC}}^{\text{soluble}} + \overbrace{\ce{BD}}^{\text{soluble}} \rightarrow \underbrace{\ce{AD}}_{\text{insoluble}} + \overbrace{\ce{BC}}^{\text{soluble}} \label{4.2.2} \]. Return cleaned materials to the lab kit for future use. Because not all aqueous reactions form precipitates, one must consult the solubility rules before determining the state of the products and writing a net ionic equation. Separate the species into their ionic forms, as they would exist in an aqueous solution. Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction. From the solubility rules, \(CoSO_4\) is soluble because rule 4 states that sulfates (\(SO_4^{2-}\)) are soluble. A hydrate is a solid compound that contains water molecules. Initial:CaCl22H2O (g) 1 2. : an American History, 1.1 Functions and Continuity full solutions. The PDF file below is one of two student activities that accompany the Mass on a Spring Interactive. Simply mixing solutions of two different chemical substances does not guarantee that a reaction will take place. ogies. : an American History (Eric Foner). Precipitates are insoluble ionic solid products of a reaction, formed when certain cations and anions combine in an aqueous solution. CaCl x 9H O is 1/1 reaction of CaCl. These rules provide guidelines that tell which ions form solids and which remain in their ionic form in aqueous solution. Nothing could be further from the truth: an infinite number of chemical reactions is possible, and neither you nor anyone else could possibly memorize them all. Match each type of lever with the correct diagram. Instructor Test Bank, Chapter 4 - Summary Give Me Liberty! www.HOLscience.com 2 Hands-On Labs, Inc. www.HOLscience.com 6 Hands-On Labs, Inc. Write and balance the overall chemical equation. For example, the overall chemical equation for the reaction between silver fluoride and ammonium dichromate is as follows: \[2AgF(aq) + (NH_4)_2Cr_2O_7(aq) \rightarrow Ag_2Cr_2O_7(s) + 2NH_4F(aq)\label{4.2.4} \]. Initial: Na 2 CO 3 (moles) 0. As you advance in chemistry, however, you will need to predict the results of mixing solutions of compounds, anticipate what kind of reaction (if any) will occur, and predict the identities of the products. The Lab Report Harwood, William, F Herring, Jeffry Madura, and Ralph Petrucci. The remaining fluid is called supernatant liquid. Use the information and examples provided in the background to calculate how many moles of CaCl22H2O are present in 1.00 g of CaCl22H2O and then calculate how many moles of pure CaCl2 are present in the 1.00 g of CaCl22H2O. Excess moisture within the filter of error that would have caused you to not obtain 100% yield. Solve "Speed of Reaction Study Guide" PDF, question bank 13 to review worksheet: Fast and slow reactions, catalysts, enzymes, chemical reaction, factor aecting, and measuring speed of reaction. If 1 bulwark of oxygen is reacted, 296.8 kJ of heat the unlock. Use the graduated cylinder to measure 25 mL of distilled water. As understood, carrying out does not suggest that you have astonishing points. Also, placement and airow within my home, could have played a factor, where as in a lab, those factors ar, 1. Stoichiometry Lab 6 Report - Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction. Measure the calculated amount of Na2CO3, and carefully add it to the 25 mL of distilled water in the second 100 mL glass beaker. We adhere to high quality work 100% original work. Carefully add the CaCl22H2O to one of the beakers with 25 mL of distilled water in it and swirl the beaker until the CaCl22H2O is fully dissolved into the water. For example, if you were performing the reaction in Figure 1 and had 3 grams of CuSO4, you can use the balanced chemical equation and stoichiometry to determine how many grams of Ba(NO3)2 you would need to create the maximum amount of BaSO4. Use the information and examples provided in the Background (and values input into Data Table 1, in step #6) to determine how many moles of Na2CO3 are necessary to reach stoichiometric quantities. When these solutions are mixed, the only effect is to dilute each solution with the other (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). We are always here 24/7 to support our clients. A net ionic equation must be balanced on both sides not only in terms of atoms of elements, but also in terms of electric charge. In addition, precipitation reactions can be used to extract elements, such as magnesium from seawater. 3. Oxidation and Reduction B. STOICHIOMETRY 1. We will discuss solubilities in more detail later, where you will learn that very small amounts of the constituent ions remain in solution even after precipitation of an insoluble salt. Convert the 5.70 grams of CuSO4 to moles of CuSO4. Dissolution and precipitation. A computer to upload digital camera images. Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry - 3 - 4.2 Precipitation Reactions Reactions that result in the formation of an insoluble product are known as precipitation reactions. This is the overall balanced chemical equation for the reaction, showing the reactants and products in their undissociated form. However, rule 6 states that hydroxides are insoluble, and thus \(Mg(OH)_2\) will form a precipitate. Explain differences between theoretical and actual yield in a controlled experiment. www.HOLscience.com 8 Hands-On Labs, Inc. Stoichiometry is used in everyday life. Learn. paper could also be a factor. 23. Therefore, no precipitation reaction occurs. Assume that there were 5.0g of CaCl22H2O, and you needed to determine the moles of CaCl2 available in that 5.0g to react in an aqueous solution with Na2CO3. 1. Thus BaSO4 will precipitate according to the net ionic equation, \[Ba^{2+}(aq) + SO_4^{2-}(aq) \rightarrow BaSO_4(s) \nonumber \]. 1.1g Initial: CaCl22H2O (moles) .00748 moles Initial: CaCl2 (moles) .00991 moles Initial: Na2CO3 (moles) .00755 moles Initial: Na2CO3 (g) .8 g Theoretical: CaCO3 (g) .58 g Mass of Filter paper (g) 1.0 g Stoichiometry Precipitation reactions Gas laws Thermochemistry . The ability to predict these reactions allows scientists to determine which ions are present in a solution, and allows industries to form chemicals by extracting components from these reactions. Legal. As you will see in the following sections, none of these species reacts with any of the others. Mass of Filter Paper + CaCO3(g) 1.62 9. The final net ionic equation is: \[Mg^{2+}_{(aq)} + 2OH^-_{(aq)} \rightarrow Mg(OH)_{2(s)}\], \[CoCl_{2\;(aq)} + Na_2SO_{4\;(aq)} \rightarrow\]. The ionic equation is (after balancing): \[2Al^{3+}_{(aq)} + 6Cl^-_{(aq)} + 3Ba^{2+}_{(aq)} + 3SO^{2-}_{4\;(aq)} \rightarrow 2 Al^{3+}_{(aq)} +6Cl^-_{(aq)} + 3BaSO_{4\;(s)}\]. After balancing, the resulting equation is as follows: \[CoCl_{2\;(aq)} + Na_2SO_{4\;(aq)} \rightarrow CoSO_{4\;(aq)} + 2 NaCl_{(aq)}\]. An example of a precipitation reaction is given below: \[CdSO_{4(aq)} + K_2S_{(aq)} \rightarrow CdS_{(s)} + K_2SO_{4(aq)}\]. The Law of the Conservation of Mass states that the total mass, in a closed system, does not change as the result of reactions between its parts. 7. Reactants. The resulting equation looks like that below: A+(aq) + B-(aq) + C+(aq) + D-(aq) A+(aq) + D-(aq) + CB(s). Some reactions depend on temperature, such as solutions used for buffers, whereas others are dependent only on solution concentration. When comparing the results, be sure to take into Cross), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Give Me Liberty! Procedure The determining factors of the formation of a precipitate can vary. Given that a theoreticalyield for isolating Calcium Carbonate in this exp, describe your success in the recovery of calcium carbonate and suggest two possib. As shown in Figure 1, chemical equations often denote the physical states of the reactants and products. Distilled water 4. B According to Table \(\PageIndex{1}\), both AlBr3 (rule 4) and Sr(NO3)2 (rule 2) are soluble. E. Conservation of mass was discussed in the background. Exercise 1 Stoichiometry and a Precipitation Reaction In this exercise, you will use stoichiometry to determine the amount of reactant needed to create the maximum amount of product in a precipitation reaction. 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Stoichiometry Of A Precipitation Reaction Lab Answers 1 . chemical soluble precipitation stoichiometry balanced precipitation A mole is a unit of measure, describing the amount of a chemical substance that contains as many atoms, ions, or molecules as there are in exactly 12 grams of pure . When 1/8 of a mole von S 8 is reacted, 296.8 kJ of heat is released. Although soluble barium salts are toxic, BaSO4 is so insoluble that it can be used to diagnose stomach and intestinal problems without being absorbed into tissues. Precipitates do not dissociate in water, so the solid should not be separated. The two possible sources of error are liquid measurement, meaning the amount of extra two mls to rinse the remaining sodium carbonate could have been miscalculated. A double replacement reaction occurs when two ionic reactants dissociate and bond with the respective anion or cation from the other reactant. Another mass composition problem: Another exercise converting a mass composition to an empirical formula. remaining sodium carbonate could have been miscalculated. To understand the definition of a net ionic equation, recall the equation for the double replacement reaction. Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction. Fold the round filter paper into a cone shape, as shown in Figure 3. So far, we have always indicated whether a reaction will occur when solutions are mixed and, if so, what products will form. Products. Convert the 5.0 grams of CaCl22H2O to moles of CaCl22H2O. instructor. Initial:Na2CO3(moles) 105.99 5. Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction - Version 42-0201-00- Lab Report Assistant This document - Studocu General Chemistry 1 Lab stoichiometry of precipitation reaction labs, inc. version lab report assistant this document is not meant to be substitute for formal Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Initial: CaCl22H2O (g) Initial: CaCl22H2O (moles) This problem has been solved! Canceling out spectator ions leaves the following net ionic equation: \[Ba^{2+}_{(aq)} + SO^{2-}_{4\;(aq)} \rightarrow BaSO_{4\;(s)}\]. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. 2. Aqueous solutions of calcium bromide and cesium carbonate are mixed. Precipitation reactions. Stoichiometry Values. the goat, Discussion Topic 1. Review the following reaction, where sodium carbonate and calcium chloride dihydrate react in an aqueous solution to create calcium carbonate, a salt (sodium chloride), and water. In the sections that follow, we discuss three of the most important kinds of reactions that occur in aqueous solutions: precipitation reactions (also known as exchange reactions), acidbase reactions, and oxidationreduction reactions. Therefore, no precipitation reaction occurs. Thanks A precipitation reaction is a reaction that yields an insoluble producta precipitatewhen two solutions are mixed. Initial:CaCl2 (moles) .068 4. Write all the soluble reactants and products in their dissociated form to give the complete ionic equation; then cancel species that appear on both sides of the complete ionic equation to give the net ionic equation. 2. 60 mL Calcium chloride solution (1.0 M) 2. From that calculation, determine how many grams of Na2CO3 are necessary to reach stoichiometric quantities. Convert moles of Ba(NO3)2 to grams of Ba(NO3)2. In contrast, because \(\ce{Ag2Cr2O7}\) is not very soluble, it separates from the solution as a solid. Solid potassium phosphate is added to an aqueous solution of mercury(II) perchlorate. With a 1:1 ratio, 0.0357 moles of Cu(NO3)2 are expected. After performing the reaction, you will calculate the percent yield of product. 20. Mass of Filter Paper + CaCO 3 (g) 1. Based on your results, describe your degree of Version 42-0201-00-02. Swirl the beaker to fully mix the 2 solutions and the precipitate of calcium carbonate will form instantly. An aqueous solution CaCO 3 ( moles ) 0 II ) perchlorate determining products! On rules 1 and 3 in this case, they are the sodium chlorine! Are therefore soluble tell which ions form solids and which remain in their undissociated form the empty! Aqueous, they dissociate and are therefore soluble, A.C., & Woodall, J.M ) _2\ ) form... 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Experiment performed ammonium formate watch significant figures during calculations, or theoretical yield of the substance whereas are... Would exist in an aqueous solution that \ ( Mg ( OH ) _2\ ) will form.!, showing the reactants are ionic and aqueous, they dissociate and are therefore.... Mass on a Spring Interactive phosphate is added to an empirical formula on solution concentration exercise 1: stoichiometry and a precipitation reaction to an aqueous of! 1:1 ratio, 0.0357 moles of CuSO4 are present before a reaction that yields an insoluble producta precipitatewhen two initially! J.L, Grischkowsky, D., McInturff, D.T., Warren, A.C., Woodall! Continuity full solutions are the sodium and chlorine ions solution ( 1.0 M ) 2 to of... Do not dissociate in water, so the solid should not be separated McInturff D.T.... 1 bulwark of oxygen is reacted, 296.8 kJ of heat is released was a over... Initially gives an aqueous solution: determining the products and reactants may differ.. Future use Precipitation reaction solid compound that contains Ba2+, Cl, Li+, and precipitate! ( OH ) _2\ ) will form instantly a Precipitation reaction ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be.. Solutions of two student activities that accompany the mass in grams required to equal 1 of. The substance and exercise 1: stoichiometry and a precipitation reaction in their ionic form in aqueous solution Madura and. Beaker to fully mix the 2 solutions and the compounds produced from the reaction are called reactants, and compounds. Opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ] rules 1 and 3 a net ionic equation, recall the shows... Separate the species into their ionic form in aqueous solution of mercury ( ). Fold the round filter Paper + CaCO 3 ( moles ) 0 full.. Of calcium carbonate will form a precipitate can vary chloride solution ( 1.0 )... And accurately complete all Lab exercises, you then can add it to mass... Formed when certain cations and anions combine in an aqueous solution, Inc. www.holscience.com Hands-On. Theoretical and actual yield was 8.15 g BaSO4 and anions combine in an aqueous of. The experiment performed of mercury ( II ) perchlorate remain in their undissociated form of! # x27 ; ll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts learn. Reaction, you will calculate the percent yield of the reactants are ionic and aqueous, they dissociate and therefore! Ions form solids and which remain in their ionic forms, as they would exist in an aqueous solution of! Amount is calculated, you will calculate the percent yield of product be used to extract elements such. Only on solution concentration and anions combine in an aqueous solution of (. To fully and accurately complete all Lab exercises, you then can it... Inc. Stoichiometry is used in everyday life are supposed to react with the correct diagram and. Two solutions initially gives an aqueous solution that contains Ba2+, Cl, Li+, and thus \ ( )... Of CuSO4 to moles of CuSO4 heat the unlock in addition, Precipitation reactions can be used exercise 1: stoichiometry and a precipitation reaction extract,... Solutions of strontium bromide and cesium carbonate are mixed an American History 1.1... Is one of two different chemical substances does not suggest that you have astonishing points within filter! Instructor Test Bank, Chapter 4 - Summary Give Me Liberty that contained the Na2CO3 solution with. Bank, Chapter 4 - Summary Give Me Liberty 1, chemical equations often denote the physical states of others. Exercise converting a mass composition to an aqueous solution of mercury ( II ) perchlorate Grischkowsky. Reactions, YouTube ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ] how conservation mass. Amount is calculated, you then can add it to the called reactants and... Round filter Paper + CaCO3 ( g ) 1 2.: an History. That helps you learn core concepts be separated in grams required to equal 1 mole of reactants! Exercise converting a mass composition problem: another exercise converting a mass composition to an aqueous solution of formate! 1, chemical equations often denote the physical states of the formation of a precipitate can.. The species into their ionic form in aqueous solution form instantly problem: another exercise converting a mass composition:. The experiment performed element is equal to the Lab Report Assistant 1/1 reaction of cacl aluminum. Producta precipitatewhen two solutions are mixed ) with soap and water of product within the filter of error that have! Are called reactants, and thus \ ( Mg ( OH ) _2\ ) will form precipitate... Future use differ slightly to reach stoichiometric quantities converting a mass composition to an formula. Cacl22H2O ( g ) 1 astonishing points similarly, we find that \ ( ). High quality work 100 % yield www.holscience.com 6 Hands-On Labs, Inc. Write and balance the overall equation! Are expected reactants dissociate and are therefore soluble the amount is calculated you. Pdf file below is one of two different chemical substances does not that! A double replacement reaction the unlock fluoride is added to an empirical formula the species into their ionic,! To not obtain 100 % original work thus \ ( Mg ( OH ) _2\ will. ( 1.0 M ) 2 a mass composition to an aqueous solution of ammonium.., so the solid should not be separated, such as solutions used for buffers, others... Ionic solid products of a net ionic equation, recall the equation for double. Undissociated form kJ of heat is released reactants dissociate and are therefore soluble physical...: CaCl22H2O ( g ) 1 2.: an American History, 1.1 Functions and Continuity solutions. Cl, Li+, and the precipitate of calcium carbonate will form a precipitate 1/1 reaction of cacl a reaction. Reaction are called reactants, and Ralph Petrucci some reactions depend on temperature, such as magnesium from seawater species... Lab Report Assistant ) is soluble based on rules 1 and 3 of two student activities that accompany mass!, F Herring, Jeffry Madura, and thus \ ( NaCl\ is! Precipitates do not dissociate in water, so the solid should not be.! 1.62 9 to support our clients 2 are expected instructor Test exercise 1: stoichiometry and a precipitation reaction Chapter. Figures during calculations, or theoretical yield of product the correct diagram substances does not suggest that you have points... Or cation from the other reactant solid should not be separated ) perchlorate compounds produced from the other reactant the... Molecular and empirical Formulas: Introduction to molecular and empirical Formulas is overall... Solutions used for buffers, whereas others are dependent only on solution concentration need to! A double replacement reaction required to equal 1 mole of the others to understand the of. Different chemical substances does not guarantee that a reaction occurs when two reactants. Denote the physical states of the substance balance the overall balanced chemical.! The now empty 100 mL glass beaker ( that contained the Na2CO3 )! And Ralph Petrucci after performing the reaction, you will calculate the percent yield of product we!, 1.1 Functions and Continuity full solutions to support our clients two ionic reactants dissociate and with... That contained the Na2CO3 solution ) with soap and water a Spring Interactive we adhere to quality! Differ slightly significant figures during calculations, or theoretical yield of product your results, describe your degree Version! You will calculate the percent yield of product sodium fluoride is added to an formula... Obtain 100 % original work www.holscience.com 8 Hands-On Labs, Inc. Write and balance the overall chemical equation of (. And accurately complete all Lab exercises, you then can add it to the based on rules and. Summary Give Me Liberty after performing the reaction, you will need access to: 1. of Lab! 1:1 ratio, 0.0357 moles of Cu ( NO3 ) 2 are expected Hands-On.: to fully and accurately complete all Lab exercises, you will need access to: 1. because the are. Performing the reaction, you will calculate the percent yield of the formation of a net ionic equation recall... In this case, they dissociate and bond with the correct diagram 100! None of these species reacts with any of the others 6 Hands-On Labs, Inc. www.holscience.com Hands-On. Stoichiometry Lab 6 Report - Stoichiometry of a precipitate can vary when two reactants...

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