origin of nigeria

origin of nigeria2020/09/28

The name Nigeria formulated by a British journalist Flora Shaw who later got married to Lord Frederick Lugard, the mastermind behind the creation of our beloved nation. A new republic was planned to be established in 1993 but was aborted by General Sani Abacha. Prehistoric inhabitants adjusting to the encroaching desert were widely scattered by the third millennium BC, when the desiccation of the Sahara began. Rioting broke out in the North. In November 2009, he fell ill and was flown out of the country to Saudi Arabia for medical attention. While the hero had a child with the queen, Bawo, and another child with the queen's maid-servant, Karbagari. Iboland is an overpopulated, economically depressed area where massive unemployment is likely to continue for many years. The eyes and the eyebrows suggest an inner calm or an inner serenity. Their history is reflected in the Bayajidda legend,[37] which describes the adventures of the Baghdadi hero Bayajidda culminating in the killing of the snake in the well of Daura and the marriage with the local queen magajiya Daurama. Other states where Igalas can be found are Anambra, Delta and Benue states. Nri and Aguleri and part of the Umueri clan, a cluster of Igbo village groups which traces its origins to a sky being called Eri and significantly, includes (from the viewpoint of its Igbo members) the neighbouring kingdom of Igala. The weakness of a popular theory that Igbos were stateless rests on the paucity of historical evidence of pre-colonial Igbo society. History & Background. With the increase of resource spending and oil exportation, Nigerian GDP and HDI (Human Development Index) have risen phenomenally since the economically stagnant rule of Sani Abacha, but the primary population still survives on less than US$2 per day. Member, National Population Commission, Lagos. The Federal government was given exclusive powers in defence, foreign relations, and commercial and fiscal policy. In response, petroleum workers called a strike demanding that Abacha release Abiola and hand over power to him. [77] Unrest continued in the West and contributed to the Western Region's reputation for, violence, anarchy and rigged elections. Nigeria, country located on the western coast of Africa. At various moments in their history, the Hausa managed to establish central control over their states, but such unity has always proven short. It has been in an acute stage since last January when a military coup d'tat destroyed the constitutional regime bequeathed by the British and upset the underlying tribal and regional power relationships. The troops are poorly trained and disciplined and some of the officers are turning to conspiracies and plotting. The Lake Chad basin and the coastal areas, including the Niger River delta and the western parts of the Sokoto region in the far northwest, are underlain by soft, geologically young sedimentary rocks. [47], The Yoruba pay tribute to a pantheon composed of a Supreme Deity, Olorun and the Orisha. The public response convinced Babangida of intense opposition to an economic recession. The collapse undermined Songhai's hegemony over the Hausa states and abruptly altered the course of regional history. Despite its relative political weakness in this period, Borno's court and mosques under the patronage of a line of scholarly kings earned fame as centres of Islamic culture and learning. Omissions? In the 1959 elections, the AG obtained 73 seats.[75]. Cotton grew readily in the great plains of these states, and they became the primary producers of cloth, weaving and dying it before sending it off in caravans to the other states within Hausaland and to extensive regions beyond. Women, for example, continued to exercise considerable political influence. In Kaduna in FebruaryMay 2000 over 1,000 people died in rioting over the introduction of criminal Shar'ia in the State. It has one of the largest river systems in the world, including the Niger Delta, the third largest delta on Earth. The Benin Empire (14401897; called Bini by locals) was a pre-colonial African state in what is now modern Nigeria. Key Facts. [42] Nok male head; 550-50 BC; terracotta; Brooklyn Museum (New York City, USA). [12] Nigeria became a British protectorate in 1901. The PRC promulgated a new constitution based largely on the suspended 1979 constitution, before the 29 May 1999 inauguration of the new civilian president. [62][63], The Arochukwu kingdom emerged after the Aro-Ibibio Wars from 1630 to 1720, and went on to form the Aro Confederacy which economically dominated Eastern Nigerian hinterland. Benin exercised considerable influence on the western Igbo, who adopted many of the political structures familiar to the Yoruba-Benin region, but Asaba and its immediate neighbours, such as Ibusa, Ogwashi-Ukwu, Okpanam, Issele-Azagba and Issele-Ukwu, were much closer to the Kingdom of Nri. Borno reached its pinnacle under mai Idris Aloma (ca. [108], The ruling All Progressives Congress (APC) candidate, Bola Tinubu, won the February 2023 presidential election to succeed Muhammadu Buhari as the next president of Nigeria. Most fateful for the Ironsi government was the decision to issue Decree No. [38][39] Today the Hausa people now reside in the Northern part of Nigeria.[40]. Archaeological findings in Ile-Ife prove to feature a high level of artistic skills in the 12th-14th century era. The school was characterised by its overt Nigerian nationalism and it was geared towards forging a Nigerian identity through publicizing the glories of pre-colonial history. The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. "Nigeria is likely to take a more active role in funding liberation movements in southern Africa." The Sokoto Plains and the Borno Plains are located in the northwestern and northeastern corners of the country respectively. [109], Nigeria's Democracy day was originally celebrated on May 29, every year since General Olusegun Obasanjo emerged President in 1999. George's . [94] Abacha dissolved all democratic institutions and replaced elected governors with military officers. The military rivalries of the Hausa states strained the region's economic resources at a time when drought and famine undermined farmers and herders. Some Fulbe converted to Islam as early as the 11th century and settled among the Hausa, from whom they became racially indistinguishable. Although Abacha was initially welcomed by many Nigerians, disenchantment grew rapidly. Eventually, the police with tear gas were required to quell the riot. [81] In the Northern Region, however, the Hausa and Fulani people demanded that the detainees be placed on trial for murder.[81]. They crossed the river to Urupkam (Usukpam) west of the Cross River and founded two settlements: Ena Uda and Ena Ofia in present-day Erai. In subsequent attempts to reconvene the Western parliament, similar disturbances broke out. As a colony, it was initially divided into the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate. In the 11th-century, the conquests initiated by Gijimasu of Kano culminated in the birth of the first united Hausa Nation under Queen Amina, the Sultana of Zazzau but severe rivalries between the states led to periods of domination by major powers like the Songhai, Kanem and the Fulani. The most mountainous area is along the southeastern border with Cameroon, where the Cameroon Highlands rise to the highest points in the country, Chappal Waddi (7,936 feet [2,419 metres]) in the Gotel Mountains and Mount Dimlang (6,699 feet [2,042 metres]) in the Shebshi Mountains. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Aro and Abiriba cooperated to become a powerful economic force.[64]. It might suggest speech and that the figure has something to tell us. Many of the domestic journals, including the Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, faltered and were only published rarely, if at all.[112]. Goodluck Jonathan called for new elections and stood for re-election in April 2011, which he won. Yar'Adua's presidency was fraught with uncertainty as media reports said he suffered from kidney and heart disease. "Africa's most populous country (population estimated at 48 million) is in the throes of a highly complex internal crisis rooted in its artificial origin as a British dependency containing over 250 diverse and often antagonistic tribal groups. This often leads to major explosions and high death tolls. The Sokoto Plains lie in the northwestern corner of the country, while the Borno Plains in the northeastern corner extend as far as the Lake Chad basin. According to the Bayajidda legend, the Banza Bakwai states were founded by the seven sons of Karbagari ("Town-seizer"), the unique son of Bayajidda and the slave-maid, Bagwariya. Despite Borno's hegemony the Hausa states continued to wrestle for ascendancy. [23] It is the oldest boat discovered in Africa, and the second oldest known worldwide. Trans-Saharan trade routes linked the western Sudan with the Mediterranean since the time of Carthage and with the Upper Nile from a much earlier date, establishing avenues of communication and cultural influence that remained open until the end of the 19th century. [citation needed] The Songhai Empire also occupied part of the region. The tribunal sentenced Saro-Wiwa and eight others to death and they were executed on 10 November 1995. Foreign exchange earnings and government revenues increased spectacularly with the oil price rises of 197374. However, when the Western Region parliament met to approve this change, Akintola supporters in the parliament started a riot in the chambers of the parliament. Obasanjo had recently stated on national radio that he would "deal firmly" with election fraud and violence advocated by "highly placed individuals." [14] Nigeria became a republic again after a new constitution was written in 1979. He was assassinated on 13 February 1976 in an abortive coup and his chief of staff Lt. Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo became head of state. According to another legend, Eri was one of Gad's sons who traveled down to build modern-day Igboland, as described in the Bible's book of Genesis. [77] Fighting between the members broke out. The Fulani came from the Senegal River valley, where their ancestors had developed a method of livestock management based on transhumance. [84] The name Federal Republic of Nigeria was restored on 31 August 1966. trace the origin of News Agency of Nigeria discuss the functions of NAN and the services rendered by the agency. The characteristic landforms of the plateaus are high plains with broad, shallow valleys dotted with numerous hills or isolated mountains, called inselbergs; the underlying rocks are crystalline, although sandstones appear in river areas. [8] From the 15th century, European slave traders arrived in the region to purchase enslaved Africans as part of the Atlantic slave trade, which started in the region of modern-day Nigeria; the first Nigerian port used by European slave traders was Badagry, a coastal harbour. The former military head of state Olusegun Obasanjo, freed from prison by Abubakar, ran as a civilian candidate and won the presidential election. Britannica Quiz Geography Fun Facts Relief The University of Ibadan was the first university to open in Nigeria, and its scholars set up the history departments at most of Nigeria's other universities, spreading the Ibadan historiography. These were cancelled due to fraud and subsequent primaries scheduled for September also were cancelled. A separatist movement later formed the Republic of Biafra in 1967, leading to the three-year Nigerian Civil War. Abacha enforced authority through the federal security system which is accused of numerous human rights abuses, including infringements on freedom of speech, assembly, association, travel, and violence against women. It should not be confused with the modern-day country called Benin, formerly called Dahomey.[31]. Queen Elizabeth II was monarch of Nigeria and head of state, and Nigeria was a member of the British Commonwealth of Nations. On 20 December 1997, the government arrested General Oladipo Diya, ten officers, and eight civilians on charges of coup plotting. There's no documented date for exactly what day and month Nigeria got her name. 3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1 Origin of NAN A new development in the history of the mass media in Nigeria took place in 1976 with the establishment of an independent wire service-the NAN by the Federal Government. Notably, as First Speaker of the House, Jaja Wachuku received Nigeria's Instrument of Independence, also known as Freedom Charter, on 1 October 1960, from Princess Alexandra of Kent, the Queen's representative at the Nigerian independence ceremonies.

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